The long-term effects of crude oil on microbial processes in subarctic marine sediments     

Robert P. Griffiths  Bruce A. Caldwell  William A. Broich  Richard Y. Morita 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(2):183-198

Subarctic marine sediments were exposed to fresh and ‘weathered’ crude oil from Cook Inlet, Alaska. The crude oil was thoroughly mixed with the sediment at various concentrations and some of the oil-sediment mixtures were placed on top of unamended sediments. Both sediments with added oil and those overlain by oiled sediments were investigated. These sediments were placed either in trays or aquaria. The trays were incubated in situ near the site from which the sediments were originally collected. The aquaria were maintained at simulated in situ conditions by maintaining a continuous flow of fresh seawater through them. The sediments were exposed to crude oil for periods up to 1.5 years. Sediments exposed to 50‰ fresh crude oil showed significant decreases in nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates and redox potentials. Also observed were increases in CO₂ production rates and methane concentrations. These same changes were observed in sediments exposed to 1‰. When ‘weathered’ crude oil was added to the sediments, the same changes were observed except there was no reduction in nitrogen fixation activity. In most cases, the observed effects were less marked when the sediments were amended with ‘weathered’ crude oil than with the same concentration of fresh crude oil. Untreated sediments that were overlain with treated sediments showed the same changes as those sediments that were thoroughly mixed with crude oil. The presence of fresh crude oil at 50‰ essentially eliminated burrowing activity of the benthic infauna. Under these conditions, there was an accumulation of detritus particles on the oiled sediments that was not present in the untreated controls.  相似文献   

Occurrences of congeneric pairs of Acartia and Pseudodiaptomus species (copepoda,calanoida) in Moreton Bay,Queensland     

J.G. Greenwood 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(5):591-596

  相似文献   

Exchange of nitrate,and the products of bacterial nitrate reduction,between seawater and sediment from a U.K. saltmarsh     

D.B. Nedwell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,14(5):557-566

  相似文献   

四川康定地热田地下热水成因研究     

卞跃跃  赵丹 《地球学报》2018,39(4):491-497

康定地热田位于四川盆地西缘山地和青藏高原的过渡地带,属于高热流背景上的深循环高温地热系统。本文以康定地热田地下热水为研究对象,通过采集地热田内的主要两个热显示区(榆林河和雅拉河地区)的温泉和地热井的地下热水样,进行水化学和稳定同位素测试分析,研究其地下热水的补给来源和热储温度。雅拉河地下热水的水化学类型主要为HCO_3-Na型水,榆林河地下热水的水化学类型主要为HCO_3·Cl-Na型水,均显示了深部地下热水沿断裂上涌与浅部冷水混合的特点。根据地下热水同位素的结果分析计算,康定地热田地下热水的起源均来自大气降水,雅拉河地下热水的补给高程为5 600~5 900 m,榆林河地下热水的补给高程为5 300~6 300 m,来源于南部的贡嘎山的可能性较大。榆林河地下热水具有明显的氧-18漂移现象,其原因为较高的热储温度,二氧化硅温标和阳离子温标的结果证明了这个判断,雅拉河地下热水的热储温度为172~188℃,榆林河地下热水的热储温度为192~288℃。  相似文献   

第四系科学钻探及地层对比方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄永波  侯建华  宋志勇  任天龙  刘银  张志刚 《山东国土资源》2015,31(10)

随着社会经济发展的需要,地方经济可持续发展中部分环境、资源问题的基础——第四纪地质变得日益重要,第四系钻探作为第四系覆盖区填图的重要工作手段,钻探质量及编录资料的质量直接影响着第四系区域填图成果的表达。该文结合1∶5万辛安庄等五幅区调项目实践经验,对第四系科学钻探的工作流程进行了总结,并对第四纪钻孔多重地层划分与区域对比方法进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

A new record of Sebastes koreanus from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding     

方亚璐  宋娜  高天翔 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):590-596

A new record of Sebastes koreanus(Kim and Lee,1994) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. Fifty-six S ebastes specimens were collected from the coastal waters of northern China. Samples were identified as S. koreanus based on morphological characters. The coloration and morphometric measurements were consistent with those described from specimens collected in South Korea. In this study,specimens had the following morphological characteristics:light brown body with dark stripes and tiny dark spots,4–5 wide indistinct vertical patterns on the side,2 radial stripes behind and below the eyes,1 large dark blotch on the opercle. Additionally,the following meristic characters were recorded:dorsal fin XIV-13,pectoral fin 16,anal fin III-6–7,pelvic fin I-5,lateral line scales 29–30,and vertebrae 26. The fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I(C OI) gene of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean genetic distance within the species was 0.3%. Net genetic distances between S. koreanus and other S ebastes species ranged from 3.1% to 7.6%,which was greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the validity of S. koreanus in China at the genetic level. The origion,evolution,patterns of speciation and unique features in genome divergence among primate lineages of this species still need future directions of research.  相似文献   

A new species of the genus Arcoscalpellum (Cirripedia,Thoracica, Scalpellidae) from deep waters in the South China Sea     

沙忠利  任先秋 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):732-734

A new species of deep-water barnacle that belongs to the family Scalpellidae is described from the South China Sea. A rcoscalpellum liui sp. nov. is morphologically similar to A rcoscalpellum gryllum Zevina,but differs from the latter by the absence of longitudinal striae on the capitular plates and the presence of caudal appendages with few terminal setae.  相似文献   

高斯过程回归方法在浙江沿海海岛冬春季阵风预报中的应用试验     

胡波  俞燎霓  滕代高 《热带气象学报》2019,35(6):767-779

利用2006—2016年冬春季浙江四个海岛气象站10 m大风观测资料和ERA-interim资料,首先分析了阵风因子和阵风风速的概率分布特征;然后统计阵风与10 m至500 hPa层的气温、风速、散度、涡度、比湿、垂直速度、浮力能等要素的关系,选取高相关的预报因子;最后采用高斯过程回归方法建立阵风概率预报模型,并进行试报。(1)平均风速相同时对应的阵风因子变化较大,导致阵风也出现大的差异,说明阵风数据分布具有混沌性;阵风风速具有正态或准正态分布特点,在自然对数处理后完全符合正态分布,表明采用高斯过程回归方法建立阵风概率预报模型合理可行。(2)阵风与大气低层的动力因子相关较好,而在近中层则与热力因子相关较好。(3)阵风大值样本在大气低层具有更强的下沉速度,有利于上层动量向下输送,且大值样本对应的中层气温和比湿相对大些,说明中层暖湿气流有利于湍流的发展和不稳定能量的交换。(4)试报模型的因子权重尺度分析表明,最佳预报因子绝大多数集中在875 hPa层以下,说明大气低层因子对近地面阵风起主导作用。(5)高斯过程回归模型试报表明,大部分站点阵风预报的50%概率区间上下界跨度约为2.5 m/s,75%概率区间跨度约为4.5 m/s,样本的50%和75%概率区间击中率均符合预期。   相似文献   

上海沿岸海域风场质量控制与预报检验     

蔡晓杰  戴建华  朱智慧  郭春迓 《气象科技》2019,47(2):214-221

利用2016年上海沿岸海域19个站点的风场资料,进行了风场质量控制,包括完整性检查、内部一致性检查、持续性检查和高度订正。同时挑选10个站点作为实况对2016年风场模式预报进行检验,包括风速预报误差、风速预报准确率和风向预报检验,对比了风场观测资料质量控制前后的检验结果,最后对两次大风过程进行了检验。结果表明:预报检验结果均随着预报时效的增加而变差;整体误差秋季和冬季较小,6月和7月误差较大;分级检验0～5级风速准确率在0.9～1之间,预报值比实况偏大,6级以上风速预报准确率逐渐降低,且预报值比实况偏小;风向检验呈现明显的季节性,冬季12月、1月误差小,准确率最高,夏季6月误差最大,准确率最低;质量控制后检验结果都得到正面提升;两次大风过程预报准确率均在70%以上。  相似文献   

渤海湾西岸CZ01钻孔沉积物粒度端元分析及其气候—海平面变化响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

王婷  邹春辉  毛龙江  周玉龙  莫多闻 《古地理学报》2022,24(6):1224-1237

沧州地区位于海陆交互的渤海湾西岸,易受到海平面变化和极端气候事件的影响,对于全球气候变化的响应十分敏感。应用非参数化端元分析模型将沧州地区CZ01钻孔中更新世晚期以来的沉积物粒度划分出6个端元并分析其物源,结合已有地质记录,揭示不同时间尺度下各端元对气候—海平面变化的响应。结果表明: (1)EM1(5.01 μm)主要为远源的风尘输入,EM2(13.18 μm)和EM3(39.81 μm)为古黄河所携带的沉积物,EM4(69.18 μm)和EM5(138.04 μm)为海相沉积物,EM6(275.42 μm)可能指示古洪水等极端气候事件。(2)深海氧同位素(MIS)Ⅰ 阶段,气候温暖湿润,EM4+5含量指示渤海海平面整体呈波动上升的趋势并逐渐接近现代海平面。该阶段内由于11.5 ka BP左右的新仙女木事件以及5.1 ka BP左右冷干事件的发生,渤海海平面在稳定上升状态后出现停滞或小幅下降的现象; 而在9.5 ka BP、7.5 ka BP、5.8 ka BP和1.7 ka BP左右,东亚夏季风增强导致降水增加,渤海海平面升高。(3)MIS Ⅵ 阶段北半球气候冷干,150~132 ka BP左右因喜马拉雅运动减弱造成的区域沉降中心转移致使渤海海面升高。MIS Ⅴ 阶段气候波动剧烈: 在间冰期暖期(5a、5c和5e)气候暖湿,渤海海平面上升; 而MIS5b和5d时期渤海海面高度较低。MIS Ⅳ 阶段较MIS5a末期海平面突然下降后趋于稳定,期间出现若干次小规模海侵事件,可能与东亚夏季风频繁变化有关。MIS Ⅲ 阶段至末次冰盛期海平面大幅度下降且存在周期性升降变化,并在46 ka BP左右出现大规模海侵事件。MIS Ⅱ 阶段较MIS Ⅲ 阶段海平面出现小幅度下降,为低海平面时期; 伴随15 ka BP左右冰盛期的结束,东亚夏季风增强,海平面开始上升。渤海海平面180 ka BP以来的变化记录与北半球乃至全球范围内的地质记录存在一致性,与太阳辐射波动引起的冰川消融及东亚夏季风变化密切相关。  相似文献